Define encapsulation in Python?

Encapsulation is an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) principle that binds data (attributes) and the methods operating on that data together into a single cohesive class, while restricting direct outside access to internal implementation details:

### Encapsulation in Python:
Unlike Java or C++, Python does not have strict compile-time private keywords. Instead, it relies on naming conventions and language features:

1. Public (No underscore): self.name (Accessible everywhere).
2. Protected (Single underscore _): self._balance (Convention indicating internal use; subclasses and internal methods should use it).
3. Private (Double underscore __): self.__pin (Triggers Name Mangling to _ClassName__pin to prevent accidental subclass override).

class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, owner: str, initial_balance: float):
        self.owner = owner
        self._balance = initial_balance  # Encapsulated state

    @property
    def balance(self) -> float:
        return self._balance

    def deposit(self, amount: float):
        if amount > 0:
            self._balance += amount
        else:
            raise ValueError("Deposit must be positive")