Q1. How would you design a URL shortener like bit.ly?
Requirements: shorten a long URL, redirect quickly, handle ~100M new links per day with a 100:1 read-to-write ratio. API: POST /api/links {longUrl} -> {shortUrl}; GET /{c...
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Q2. How would you decide whether to invest more in SEO or paid search?
I would not choose on gut feel. I would decide using payback, intent and time horizon. Paid search is fast and controllable but stops the moment spend stops. SEO compound...
Q3. What are Svelte 5 runes and how do they differ from $: statements?
Runes are compiler keywords that make reactivity explicit and also work in .svelte.js and .svelte.ts modules, not just components. $state creates a reactive value, deeply...
Q4. What is the CAP theorem and how does it guide decisions?
A distributed store can guarantee only two of three during a network partition: Consistency (every read sees the latest write), Availability (every request gets a non-err...
Q5. Explain caching strategies and common failure modes.
Strategies: - Cache-aside (lazy loading): app checks cache, on miss reads DB and populates. Most common. - Read-through: cache library fetches on miss. - Write-through: w...
Q6. How do you scale a Node.js application across CPU cores?
Node runs JavaScript on a single thread, so scaling options are: - Cluster module or a process manager (PM2) to fork one process per core behind a shared port. Good for t...
Q7. How do you say no to a senior stakeholder who wants a pet feature?
I never say no flatly. I make the trade off explicit and let the decision be informed. First I listen properly and understand the need behind the request. A senior stakeh...
Q8. How does tree shaking work and what breaks it?
Tree shaking removes unused exports from the final bundle. It relies on ES modules being statically analysable: imports and exports are known at parse time, so the bundle...
Q9. What is INP and how do you reduce it?
Interaction to Next Paint measures the time from a user interaction such as a click, tap or key press until the browser paints the next frame, across the whole visit, rep...
Q10. How do you write a custom Tailwind plugin?
A plugin is a function passed to plugins in the config. It receives helpers including addUtilities, addComponents, addBase, addVariant, matchUtilities and theme. ```js co...