What is a pure function?

A pure function is a function whose output depends only on its input arguments and produces no side effects. This means that given the same inputs, a pure function will always return the same output, and it does not modify any external state or data.

Let's take an example to see the difference between pure and impure functions,

#### Example: Pure vs. Impure Functions

    // Impure Function
    let numberArray = [];
    const impureAddNumber = (number) => numberArray.push(number);

    // Pure Function
    const pureAddNumber = (number) => (inputArray) =>
      inputArray.concat([number]);

    // Usage
    console.log(impureAddNumber(6)); // returns 1
    console.log(numberArray);        // returns [6]

    console.log(pureAddNumber(7)(numberArray)); // returns [6, 7]
    console.log(numberArray);                   // remains [6]
    

• impureAddNumber changes the external variable numberArray and returns the new length of the array, making it impure.
• pureAddNumber creates a new array with the added number and does not modify the original array, making it pure.