What is a promise?

A Promise is a JavaScript object that represents the eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous operation and its resulting value. It acts as a placeholder for a value that may not be available yet but will be resolved in the future.

A Promise can be in one of three states:

• pending: Initial state, neither fulfilled nor rejected.
• fulfilled: The operation completed successfully.
• rejected: The operation failed (e.g., due to a network error).

#### Promise Syntax

    const promise = new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
      // Perform async operation
    });
    

#### Example: Creating and Using a Promise

    const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve("I'm a Promise!");
      }, 5000);
    });

    promise
      .then((value) => console.log(value)) // Logs after 5 seconds: "I'm a Promise!"
      .catch((error) => console.error(error))  // Handles any rejection
      .finally(() => console.log("Done"));     // Runs regardless of success or failure
    

In the above example:

• A Promise is created to handle an asynchronous operation with resolve and reject callbacks.
• The setTimeout resolves the promise with a value after 5 seconds.
• .then(), .catch(), and .finally() are used to handle success, errors, and cleanup respectively.

The action flow of a promise will be as below,