Q1. Explain middleware in Express.
Middleware are functions with the signature (req, res, next) that run in order and can inspect or modify the request/response, end the cycle, or pass control with next()....
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Q2. What is Next.js middleware and when should you use it?
Middleware in middleware.ts at the project root runs before a request is completed, on the Edge runtime, and can rewrite, redirect, set headers or return a response direc...
Q3. Different types of SQL statements?
DDL (CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE), DML (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT), DQL (SELECT — sometimes grouped with DML), DCL (GRANT, REVOKE), TCL (COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOIN...
Q4. Which statements are DDL?
**DDL** stands for **Data Definition Language**. DDL statements define, alter, and destroy database schema structures (tables, indexes, views, schemas, constraints): ### ...
Q5. What is middleware?
Middleware allows you to run code before a request is completed. Then, based on the incoming request, you can modify the response by rewriting, redirecting, modifying the...
Q6. DELETE vs TRUNCATE?
See the comparison table above. Key differences: `DELETE` is DML (row-by-row, rollbackable, fires triggers, has WHERE). `TRUNCATE` is DDL (bulk page deallocation, faster,...
Q7. What is a trigger?
A stored procedure that automatically executes in response to a DML event (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) or DDL event (CREATE, ALTER, DROP). Components: **Event** (when), **Con...
Q8. How do you handle middleware in Next.js with the Pages Router?
By creating a custom server or using API routes to implement middleware logic. ```js // pages/api/middleware.js export default function middleware(req, res, next) { // Cu...
Q9. How do you handle middleware in Next.js?
**Middleware** in Next.js enables you to run code on incoming requests before they are completed, ideal for authentication, bot detection, A/B testing, and URL rewrites: ...
Q10. How do middleware work in Next.js?
Middleware in Next.js allows you to run code before a request is completed. You can use it to modify the request or response, redirect users, or perform authentication ch...