Q71. What is the difference between val and var?
`val` declares a read-only reference that cannot be reassigned after initialisation. `var` declares a mutable reference that can be reassigned. ```kotlin val name = "Ada"...
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Q72. When should you use StringBuilder instead of string concatenation?
`string` is immutable: every operation such as concatenation or `Replace` allocates a new string. `StringBuilder` is a mutable buffer backed by a resizable array, so appe...
Q73. How do stack and heap allocation differ in C++?
The stack is a LIFO region managed automatically: allocation is a pointer bump, extremely fast, and memory is reclaimed when the scope ends. The heap is a large pool mana...
Q74. What is the difference between String and &str in Rust?
`String` is an owned, growable, heap-allocated UTF-8 string (essentially a `Vec`) that you can mutate and extend. `&str` is a borrowed string slice: a pointer plus a leng...
Q75. What is the difference between new and make in Go?
`new(T)` allocates zeroed memory for a value of type T and returns a pointer `*T`. It works for any type and is rarely used. `make` only works for slices, maps and channe...
Q76. How does binary search work and what are its pitfalls?
Binary search finds a target in a sorted array by halving the search range each step, giving O(log n). ```python def binary_search(nums, target): lo, hi = 0, len(nums) - ...
Q77. What does SQL stand for?
**SQL** stands for **Structured Query Language**. Originally developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce in the early 1970s, it was initially named **SE...
Q78. What are the major features of React?
React offers a powerful set of features that have made it one of the most popular JavaScript libraries for building user interfaces: **Core Features:** - **Component-Base...
Q79. What is the difference between formative and summative assessment?
Formative assessment happens during learning and is used to adjust teaching. It is low stakes and frequent: questioning, mini whiteboards, exit tickets, quick quizzes and...
Q80. What is working capital and why does it matter?
Working capital is current assets minus current liabilities. It measures the short term liquidity available to run day to day operations. Current assets include cash, rec...