Q21. How do HTTP caching and CDNs improve performance?
Caching avoids re-downloading assets and is one of the cheapest performance wins. Use content-hashed filenames with a long Cache-Control: public, max-age=31536000, immuta...
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Q22. How do move semantics and rvalue references improve performance?
Copying large objects is expensive. Move semantics transfer ownership of a resource from a temporary (an rvalue) instead of copying, leaving the source in a valid but uns...
Q23. How do lab and field performance measurement differ?
Lab tools run in a controlled environment. Lighthouse gives a synthetic score with TTFB, FCP, LCP, TBT and CLS, which is useful in CI and for reproducible comparisons. Ch...
Q24. How do you optimise Tailwind for production?
Tailwind's performance story is about generation and delivery. The JIT engine produces only the utilities present in scanned files, so production CSS is typically a few k...
Q25. How do SSR, prerendering and performance options work in SvelteKit?
SvelteKit renders every page on the server by default and then hydrates it on the client, so the first paint is real HTML. You control this per route with page options. e...
Q26. How do you optimise BigQuery query cost and performance?
Cost in on-demand BigQuery is driven by bytes scanned, so reduce what each query reads. - Partition tables, usually by date, and add partition filters so only relevant pa...
Q27. How would you troubleshoot high latency from an EC2 instance?
Work from the outside in and use metrics before guessing. 1. Confirm scope: is it the instance, the network, the application, or a dependency? Check CloudWatch CPU, netwo...
Q28. When should you prefer the aggregation framework over find?
Use find for simple filtering, projection, sorting and pagination on a single collection. It is lightweight and uses indexes efficiently. Use aggregate when you must tran...
Q29. How do you optimise the performance of a large Vue application?
Practical Vue 3 optimisations: use computed instead of methods in templates so results are cached, and split large components. Prefer shallowRef or shallowReactive for la...
Q30. How does copy-on-write work for Swift collections?
Swift collections such as `Array`, `Dictionary` and `String` are value types with copy-on-write. Copying a variable is cheap because both copies share the same buffer unt...