Q51. What are the different types of data binding in Angular?
Angular has several binding forms. Interpolation {{ value }} renders a component property into text. Property binding [property]="expr" sets a DOM property or directive i...
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Q52. How do you tell a compelling data story to stakeholders?
Start with the decision the audience needs to make, then structure the narrative around it: situation, complication, question and answer. Lead with the recommendation and...
Q53. What does idempotency mean in data pipelines and why does it matter?
An idempotent operation produces the same result whether it runs once or many times. Pipelines retry on failure, run backfills and get replayed, so non-idempotent logic c...
Q54. How do you optimise BigQuery query cost and performance?
Cost in on-demand BigQuery is driven by bytes scanned, so reduce what each query reads. - Partition tables, usually by date, and add partition filters so only relevant pa...
Q55. When would you use Rc, Arc, RefCell or Mutex?
Ownership allows one owner, but graphs and shared state need more. Rust pushes the choice into types. - `Rc`: single-threaded reference counting. `clone` increments a cou...
Q56. How do you define variables with specific types in TypeScript?
Variables with specific types in TypeScript can be defined using type annotations. For example, you can declare a variable with a specific type like this: `let myVariable...
Q57. What is attribution modelling and why is it hard?
Attribution assigns credit for a conversion to the marketing touchpoints along the customer journey. The model choice changes how budget is allocated. Common models: - La...
Q58. What does observability mean for a microservices system?
With many services and network hops, you cannot debug from a single log file. Observability rests on three pillars plus correlation: - Structured logs: JSON with consiste...
Q59. How would you write a robust, idempotent automation script?
A production script should be safe to re-run, fail clearly and clean up after itself. ```bash #!/usr/bin/env bash set -euo pipefail workdir=$(mktemp -d) cleanup() { rm -r...
Q60. How do you detect and handle outliers in data analysis?
Outliers can be data errors, rare genuine events, or informative signals. Decide whether to remove, cap or keep them based on context, never automatically. Detection meth...