Q1. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface?
An interface declares a contract: a set of method signatures with no state that any type can implement. A class can implement many interfaces, which models capability. An...
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Q2. What is the Liskov Substitution Principle and how is it violated?
The Liskov Substitution Principle says objects of a subtype must be usable anywhere the supertype is expected, without the caller knowing or behaving differently. Subtype...
Q3. When should you prefer composition over inheritance?
Inheritance is an is-a relationship: `Dog extends Animal` because every dog is an animal. Composition is a has-a relationship: `Car` holds an `Engine`. Inheritance gives ...
Q4. What is the diamond problem and how do languages solve it?
The diamond problem occurs when a class inherits from two classes that share a common ancestor, so the same base members are inherited along two paths. Ambiguity arises o...