Q1. SQL was developed as an integral part of...
Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS). SQL is the ANSI-standard language for creating, querying, updating, and managing relational databases. Major implementatio...
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Q2. What is MySQL, and how does it differ from SQL?
**SQL** is the *language* (like English). **MySQL** is a *database system* that *speaks* SQL (like a person who speaks English). Analogy: SQL is the recipe; MySQL is the ...
Q3. What are the possible values for a BOOLEAN field in MySQL?
MySQL doesn't have a native `BOOLEAN` type. It uses `TINYINT(1)` where `0` = false, `1` = true, and any non-zero value is treated as true in conditions. ```sql CREATE TAB...
Q4. Which are valid SQL comments?
SQL supports both single-line and multi-line commenting syntax across relational database engines: ### 1. Single-Line Standard Comment (`--`): The official ANSI SQL stand...
Q5. Which comparison operators exist?
Relational SQL engines provide a rich set of comparison operators evaluated in `WHERE` and `HAVING` clauses: | Operator | Meaning | Example | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | `=`...
Q6. How to select 10 random rows?
```sql -- MySQL SELECT * FROM tbl ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 10; -- PostgreSQL SELECT * FROM tbl ORDER BY RANDOM() LIMIT 10; -- SQL Server SELECT TOP 10 * FROM tbl ORDER BY NE...
Q7. Current date in MySQL without time?
In MySQL, you retrieve the current date (year, month, day) without the time component using **`CURDATE()`** or **`CURRENT_DATE`**: ```sql SELECT CURDATE(); -- Example: '2...
Q8. Top 3 students by mark?
```sql -- MySQL / PostgreSQL SELECT name, mark FROM Students ORDER BY mark DESC LIMIT 3; -- SQL Server SELECT TOP 3 name, mark FROM Students ORDER BY mark DESC; -- Oracle...
Q9. Correct GROUP BY syntax?
```sql SELECT name, COUNT(name) FROM customers GROUP BY name; ``` In standard SQL (and MySQL 5.7+ with `ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY`), any non-aggregated column in SELECT must app...
Q10. How to create a temporary table in MySQL?
```sql CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp_top_customers SELECT * FROM customers WHERE total_spent > 10000; ``` It exists only for the current session/connection and is automatic...