Q1. What are microservices compared with a monolith?
A microservice architecture structures an application as a set of small, independently deployable services, each built around a business capability, owning its own data s...
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Q2. What is an API gateway and what does it do?
An API gateway is the single entry point for clients, sitting in front of backend services. It typically handles: - Request routing to the correct service. - Authenticati...
Q3. What are the main differences between the App Router and the Pages Router?
The Pages Router uses files under pages/. Each file exports a default component, data comes from getStaticProps, getServerSideProps or getStaticPaths, and _app and _docum...
Q4. How does binary search work and what are its pitfalls?
Binary search finds a target in a sorted array by halving the search range each step, giving O(log n). ```python def binary_search(nums, target): lo, hi = 0, len(nums) - ...
Q5. Walk me through how you run product discovery.
Discovery is how we reduce risk before committing to build. I treat it as continuous, not a phase. I start with the problem and the target customer, and I review existing...
Q6. A shop offers a 20% discount, then an additional 10% off the reduced price. What is the effective discount?
Successive discounts multiply, they do not add. Price 100 -> after 20% = 80. After an additional 10% on 80 -> 80 x 0.9 = 72. Effective discount = 100 - 72 = 28%. Formula ...
Q7. Why do you want to work here?
Show that you have done homework and connect it to your goals. A strong answer has three parts: 1. Something specific about the company: product, engineering culture, rec...
Q8. Explain ARC and how retain cycles happen.
Swift uses Automatic Reference Counting: each class instance has a reference count and is deallocated when the count reaches zero. ARC is deterministic, unlike a tracing ...
Q9. What is RAII and why is it central to modern C++?
RAII, Resource Acquisition Is Initialisation, binds a resource's lifetime to an object's lifetime: acquire in the constructor and release in the destructor. Because destr...
Q10. How does CSS specificity work and how do you resolve conflicts?
Specificity ranks selectors as (inline, IDs, classes/attributes/pseudo-classes, elements/pseudo-elements). Higher wins; equal specificity falls back to source order (late...