Q1. What are microservices compared with a monolith?
A microservice architecture structures an application as a set of small, independently deployable services, each built around a business capability, owning its own data s...
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Q2. What is an API gateway and what does it do?
An API gateway is the single entry point for clients, sitting in front of backend services. It typically handles: - Request routing to the correct service. - Authenticati...
Q3. What are the main differences between the App Router and the Pages Router?
The Pages Router uses files under pages/. Each file exports a default component, data comes from getStaticProps, getServerSideProps or getStaticPaths, and _app and _docum...
Q4. How does CSS specificity work and how do you resolve conflicts?
Specificity ranks selectors as (inline, IDs, classes/attributes/pseudo-classes, elements/pseudo-elements). Higher wins; equal specificity falls back to source order (late...
Q5. When should you use @apply and when should you avoid it?
@apply inlines utility classes into a CSS rule, letting you write component classes while reusing Tailwind's design tokens. ```css .btn { @apply inline-flex items-center ...
Q6. What is the difference between standalone components and NgModules?
Traditional Angular organises components, directives and pipes into NgModules that declare what belongs together and import other modules. Standalone components skip that...
Q7. Explain how the Kubernetes control plane components work together.
The control plane maintains desired state and schedules workloads. - kube-apiserver: the front door. It validates and persists objects to etcd, and all components talk to...
Q8. How do you design a multi-region failover architecture on AWS?
Design around an RTO and RPO first; they determine active-active versus active-passive. - DNS and traffic: Route 53 health checks with failover or latency routing, plus G...
Q9. What is the medallion architecture?
The medallion architecture organizes a lakehouse into three refinement layers. - Bronze (raw): data landed as-is from sources, append-only, with ingestion metadata. It is...
Q10. When is REST the wrong choice, and what would you use instead?
REST excels at resource-oriented CRUD with cacheable, uniform interfaces and a broad tool ecosystem. It becomes awkward when: - The domain is action-oriented or RPC-like,...