Q1. How do you prioritise a roadmap when everything is urgent?
I start by reconnecting to strategy. If everything is urgent, the problem is usually that priorities have not been agreed or that every request is being treated as equal....
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Q2. What is the test pyramid?
The test pyramid is a guideline for balancing automated tests by level. ```text /\ E2E (few, slow, brittle) / \ /----\ Integration (some) /------\ /--------\ Unit (many, ...
Q3. What is the difference between a primary key and a foreign key?
A primary key uniquely identifies each row in a table. It must be unique and not null, and a table has at most one. It may be a single column or a composite of several, a...
Q4. What are the Redis data structures and what is each used for?
Redis exposes several core data types, each with tailored commands. - Strings: counters, cached serialized objects and rate limiters using INCR and SETEX. - Hashes: objec...
Q5. What is the difference between a queue, pub/sub and a stream?
- Queue: point-to-point. Each message is delivered to exactly one consumer from a pool, which is ideal for task distribution and load balancing. - Publish/subscribe: a me...
Q6. What is the difference between a symbol and a string?
A `Symbol` is an immutable, interned identifier such as `:name`. A `String` is a mutable sequence of characters such as `"name"`. Symbols are stored once, so repeated use...
Q7. What is the difference between an interface and an abstract class?
- An interface declares a contract. It supports abstract methods plus default and static methods (Java 8+), private methods (Java 9+) and constants. A class can implement...
Q8. What is the difference between a list and a tuple?
- A list is mutable, uses square brackets, and supports append, remove and in-place sorting. - A tuple is immutable, uses parentheses, and once created cannot change. It ...
Q9. What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface?
An interface declares a contract: a set of method signatures with no state that any type can implement. A class can implement many interfaces, which models capability. An...
Q10. What is the Central Limit Theorem and why does it matter?
The Central Limit Theorem says that the sampling distribution of the sample mean approaches a normal distribution as the sample size grows, regardless of the shape of the...