Q121. What is Spring dependency injection and why use it?
Dependency injection means a component receives its collaborators from outside rather than creating them itself. The Spring container builds and wires the object graph fr...
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Q122. How does PHP handle errors and exceptions?
Modern PHP uses exceptions. Throwable is the root interface with two branches: Error (engine-level, e.g. TypeError, DivisionByZeroError) and Exception (application-level)...
Q123. How would you manage conflicting requirements from two powerful stakeholders?
I treat it as a prioritisation problem with an authority question, not a personality contest. First I meet each stakeholder separately to understand their requirement and...
Q124. How do you facilitate an effective retrospective?
A good retrospective is safe, focused and produces a small number of owned actions. I set the stage and remind everyone of the prime directive: we assume good intent and ...
Q125. How do you align engineering, design and business stakeholders?
I align people through a shared, visible goal and a clear decision making process, not through endless meetings. I start by understanding what each group cares about. Eng...
Q126. How would you redesign a course for online delivery?
I start from the learning outcomes and the constraints, not from the technology. First I map which outcomes can be achieved online and which need synchronous or practical...
Q127. How do you say no to a customer request you cannot fulfil?
I say no to the request, not to the customer. First I make sure I understand what they actually need, because a request is often a proposed solution rather than the real ...
Q128. Explain boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning.
Most bugs hide at the edges of valid ranges, because off-by-one and comparison mistakes concentrate there. Boundary value analysis tests just inside, on and just outside ...
Q129. Describe common compiler optimisations.
Optimisation improves the intermediate representation while preserving observable behaviour. Common examples: - Constant folding and propagation: compute `2 * 3` at compi...
Q130. Compare the SQL transaction isolation levels.
SQL defines four isolation levels that trade consistency against concurrency. They are usually described by which anomalies they permit. - Read uncommitted: dirty reads a...