Q31. How do you handle late-arriving data in a pipeline?
Late data breaks the assumption that all events for a time window have arrived. Common strategies: - Watermarks: define how long to wait for late events before closing a ...
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Q32. What is your approach to negotiating a discount request?
My starting point is that a discount is a trade, never a gift. When a buyer asks for a lower price I first understand the reason. Is it budget reality, a competing quote,...
Q33. How do you use percentiles and distributions in product analysis?
Averages hide the shape of a distribution. Percentiles describe typical and extreme behaviour, which matters for user experience and capacity planning. For example, avera...
Q34. When would you choose an interface over an abstract class?
Both define contracts that other types implement, but they differ in intent and mechanics. - An interface declares a contract with no state (traditionally) and supports m...
Q35. How do you decide what to build next between two competing opportunities?
I compare them against strategy and evidence rather than gut feel. First, do both serve the current strategic goal? An opportunity that is attractive but off strategy com...
Q36. How do async/await, tasks and actors support structured concurrency?
Swift's structured concurrency builds on `async`/`await`, `Task` and `TaskGroup`. An `async` function can suspend without blocking a thread, and `await` marks a potential...
Q37. How does structured concurrency and cancellation work with coroutines?
A coroutine is cooperative: cancellation sets a flag that the coroutine must observe. Suspend functions from `kotlinx.coroutines` check automatically and throw `Cancellat...
Q38. Explain two-phase commit and its drawbacks.
Two-phase commit, 2PC, is an atomic commit protocol for transactions spanning multiple databases or resource managers. Phase one, prepare: the coordinator asks every part...
Q39. How does the CAP theorem affect microservice design?
CAP states that during a network partition a distributed system must choose between consistency (every read sees the latest write) and availability (every request gets a ...
Q40. How would you design a test strategy for a microservices system?
Testing a distributed system needs a layered strategy, because full end-to-end coverage does not scale. - Unit tests per service for domain logic, run on every commit. - ...