Q1. What are the four pillars of object-oriented programming?
Object-oriented programming rests on four pillars: - Encapsulation: keep state private and expose behaviour through methods, so invariants cannot be broken from outside. ...
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Q2. What do attr_reader, attr_writer and attr_accessor do?
Ruby encapsulates instance variables such as `@name`, which are private by default. `attr_reader`, `attr_writer` and `attr_accessor` are class macros that define getter a...
Q3. What is encapsulation and why does it matter?
Encapsulation means bundling data with the operations that act on it and restricting direct access to the internals. The class exposes a deliberate public API and keeps f...
Q4. What is a property and how does it differ from a field?
A field is a variable declared directly in a class. A property is a member with `get` and `set` accessors that looks like a field to callers but runs code, enabling valid...