Q1. What is the difference between a process and a thread?
A process is a running program with its own virtual address space, code, data, heap, open file descriptors and at least one thread. The operating system isolates processe...
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Q2. How do you scale a Node.js application across CPU cores?
Node runs JavaScript on a single thread, so scaling options are: - Cluster module or a process manager (PM2) to fork one process per core behind a shared port. Good for t...
Q3. What is INP and how do you reduce it?
Interaction to Next Paint measures the time from a user interaction such as a click, tap or key press until the browser paints the next frame, across the whole visit, rep...
Q4. What is the GIL and how does it affect concurrency?
The Global Interpreter Lock is a mutex in CPython that allows only one thread to execute Python bytecode at a time. Consequences: - CPU-bound multithreading does not get ...
Q5. What causes a deadlock and how do you prevent it?
A deadlock needs four conditions: mutual exclusion, hold-and-wait, no preemption and circular wait. Classic case: thread A locks X then waits for Y while thread B locks Y...
Q6. What is the Global VM Lock and how does it affect concurrency?
MRI, the standard Ruby implementation, has a Global VM Lock: only one thread executes Ruby bytecode at a time, so threads do not provide CPU parallelism for pure Ruby cod...
Q7. How would you design a thread pool?
A thread pool keeps a set of worker threads alive so tasks avoid per-request thread-creation cost. Core pieces: - A task queue, typically bounded, holding runnable work. ...
Q8. Does Python support Multithreading?
Yes, Python supports multithreading via the standard library `threading` module. However, due to CPython's **Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)**, only one native thread execu...
Q9. How is Multithreading achieved in Python?
Python has a multi-threading package but if you want to multi-thread to speed your code up, then it's usually not a good idea to use it. Python has a construct called the...
Q10. How Is Python Thread Safe?
Python ensures safe access to threads. It uses the GIL mutex to set synchronization. If a thread loses the GIL lock at any time, then you have to make the code thread-saf...