Q1. What are the four pillars of object-oriented programming?
Object-oriented programming rests on four pillars: - Encapsulation: keep state private and expose behaviour through methods, so invariants cannot be broken from outside. ...
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Q2. What is the difference between an interface and an abstract class?
- An interface declares a contract. It supports abstract methods plus default and static methods (Java 8+), private methods (Java 9+) and constants. A class can implement...
Q3. How does the Node.js event loop differ from the browser event loop?
Node uses libuv and phases its loop: timers, pending callbacks, poll, check (setImmediate) and close callbacks, with process.nextTick and promise microtasks draining betw...
Q4. What do attr_reader, attr_writer and attr_accessor do?
Ruby encapsulates instance variables such as `@name`, which are private by default. `attr_reader`, `attr_writer` and `attr_accessor` are class macros that define getter a...
Q5. How do you troubleshoot a Pod stuck in CrashLoopBackOff?
CrashLoopBackOff means the container starts, exits, and Kubernetes restarts it with exponential backoff. 1. Get the state and previous logs. ```bash kubectl get pod web-1...
Q6. How does TypeScript support class-based object-oriented programming?
TypeScript supports class-based object-oriented programming. It allows defining classes, inheritance, access modifiers (public, private, protected), abstract classes, and...
Q7. How can you copy an object in Python?
To copy an object in Python, you can try copy.copy () or copy.deepcopy() for the general case. You cannot copy all objects but most of them.
Q8. Explain the difference between "interface" and "class" in TypeScript.
An interface in TypeScript is used to describe the structure of an object, without providing an implementation. It defines the properties and methods that an object shoul...
Q9. Explain the difference between classes and IDs in CSS.
Classes are used to group together elements with similar styles, while IDs are used to target specific elements on a page. IDs must be unique, while classes can be used m...
Q10. What are CSS pseudo-classes? Give some examples.
CSS pseudo-classes are selectors that target elements based on their state or position in the document. Some examples include :hover, :active, :focus, :first-child, :last...