Q11. How does an orchestration tool like Airflow schedule data pipelines?
Airflow models a workflow as a DAG: a directed acyclic graph of tasks with dependencies. A scheduler parses DAG files, creates DAG runs per schedule interval, and queues ...
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Q12. When should you use @apply and when should you avoid it?
@apply inlines utility classes into a CSS rule, letting you write component classes while reusing Tailwind's design tokens. ```css .btn { @apply inline-flex items-center ...
Q13. What is the difference between standalone components and NgModules?
Traditional Angular organises components, directives and pipes into NgModules that declare what belongs together and import other modules. Standalone components skip that...
Q14. Explain Terraform lifecycle meta-arguments.
The lifecycle block controls how Terraform creates, updates, and destroys a resource. - create_before_destroy: create the replacement before destroying the old one, reduc...
Q15. Explain the circuit breaker pattern.
A circuit breaker stops a caller from hammering a failing dependency. It tracks failures and moves between three states: - Closed: calls pass through while failures stay ...
Q16. How do you use percentiles and distributions in product analysis?
Averages hide the shape of a distribution. Percentiles describe typical and extreme behaviour, which matters for user experience and capacity planning. For example, avera...
Q17. What is the difference between count and for_each?
Both create multiple instances of a resource, but they track them differently. - count takes a number and identifies instances by index, such as resource[0] and resource[...
Q18. Explain how the Kubernetes control plane components work together.
The control plane maintains desired state and schedules workloads. - kube-apiserver: the front door. It validates and persists objects to etcd, and all components talk to...
Q19. How do you design a multi-region failover architecture on AWS?
Design around an RTO and RPO first; they determine active-active versus active-passive. - DNS and traffic: Route 53 health checks with failover or latency routing, plus G...
Q20. When would you use Rc, Arc, RefCell or Mutex?
Ownership allows one owner, but graphs and shared state need more. Rust pushes the choice into types. - `Rc`: single-threaded reference counting. `clone` increments a cou...