Q431. How does Rails follow MVC and convention over configuration?
Rails is an MVC framework: a request hits the router, maps to a controller action, the controller works with models, and renders a view. Models use ActiveRecord for the d...
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Q432. How does error handling work in Swift?
Swift uses `throws` functions and `try` for recoverable errors. Errors conform to the `Error` protocol, usually as enums. ```swift enum NetworkError: Error { case badStat...
Q433. How do higher-order functions and inline functions work?
A higher-order function takes a function as a parameter or returns one. Functions are first-class values with types like `(Int) -> Int`. ```kotlin fun List.myFilter(predi...
Q434. Explain IDisposable, the using statement and finalizers.
`IDisposable` provides deterministic release of unmanaged resources through `Dispose()`. The `using` statement or declaration guarantees `Dispose` runs even if an excepti...
Q435. How do move semantics and rvalue references improve performance?
Copying large objects is expensive. Move semantics transfer ownership of a resource from a temporary (an rvalue) instead of copying, leaving the source in a valid but uns...
Q436. How do Option, Result and the question mark operator work?
`Option` models presence with `Some` and `None`, replacing null. `Result` models success or failure with `Ok` and `Err`, and is how Rust does recoverable errors. ```rust ...
Q437. What is the difference between value receivers and pointer receivers?
A method receiver can be a value (`func (u User) Name() string`) or a pointer (`func (u *User) SetName(n string)`). - A value receiver operates on a copy, so it cannot mu...
Q438. What are the possible values for a BOOLEAN field in MySQL?
MySQL doesn't have a native `BOOLEAN` type. It uses `TINYINT(1)` where `0` = false, `1` = true, and any non-zero value is treated as true in conditions. ```sql CREATE TAB...
Q439. What is Python? What are the benefits of using Python?
Python is a programming language with objects, modules, threads, exceptions and automatic memory management. The benefits of pythons are that it is simple and easy, porta...
Q440. What is the difference between include, require, include_once and require_once?
- include: includes a file; on failure emits a warning and execution continues. - require: includes a file; on failure emits a fatal error and stops. - include_once / req...