Q451. How would you run an A/B test on a landing page?
I start with a hypothesis tied to a metric: for example, moving social proof above the form will lift sign up conversion by ten percent because trust is the main blocker....
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Q452. What is your approach to negotiating a discount request?
My starting point is that a discount is a trade, never a gift. When a buyer asks for a lower price I first understand the reason. Is it budget reality, a competing quote,...
Q453. What are flaky tests and how do you fix them?
A flaky test passes and fails on the same code. Flakiness is corrosive because teams start ignoring failures, which hides real regressions. Common causes: - Timing and as...
Q454. Write a small tokenizer and explain the design choices.
A lexer converts a character stream into tokens. A hand-written tokenizer scans one character at a time and skips whitespace. ```python def tokenize(src): tokens, i = [],...
Q455. What causes a database deadlock and how do you prevent one?
A database deadlock is a cycle where two or more transactions each hold a lock the other needs, so neither can proceed. ```text T1: UPDATE a; UPDATE b; T2: UPDATE b; UPDA...
Q456. What is the difference between routing and switching?
Switching and routing both forward packets, but at different layers and scopes. A switch works at layer 2 using MAC addresses within a single broadcast domain, the LAN. I...
Q457. What is the difference between a mutex and a semaphore?
Both are synchronisation primitives, but they express different ideas. A mutex provides mutual exclusion: it has an owner, it is locked or unlocked, and only the owner ma...
Q458. What does the Single Responsibility Principle actually mean?
The Single Responsibility Principle states that a class should have one reason to change, meaning it should serve one actor or concern. It is about change, not size: a sm...
Q459. How do you use percentiles and distributions in product analysis?
Averages hide the shape of a distribution. Percentiles describe typical and extreme behaviour, which matters for user experience and capacity planning. For example, avera...
Q460. What is linear regression and what are its assumptions?
Linear regression models a continuous target as a linear combination of predictors plus error: y = b0 + b1*x1 + ... + e. Coefficients are estimated by ordinary least squa...