Q521. How do you optimise BigQuery query cost and performance?
Cost in on-demand BigQuery is driven by bytes scanned, so reduce what each query reads. - Partition tables, usually by date, and add partition filters so only relevant pa...
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Job Interview Questions and Answers Directory
Search and filter frequently asked interview questions across technical, programming, and behavioral domains. Tailor your interview preparation by difficulty for freshers or experienced developers (2,728 available).
Q522. How would you troubleshoot a failed Azure VM deployment?
Use the deployment history and activity log first, then drill into the resource. 1. Inspect the failed deployment operations to get the exact error code. ```bash az deplo...
Q523. How would you troubleshoot high latency from an EC2 instance?
Work from the outside in and use metrics before guessing. 1. Confirm scope: is it the instance, the network, the application, or a dependency? Check CloudWatch CPU, netwo...
Q524. How do you keep a cache consistent with the database?
Perfect consistency is not achievable without giving up caching; aim for bounded staleness and correct behavior. Practical rules: - On write, commit to the database first...
Q525. What is CSRF and how do you prevent it?
Cross-Site Request Forgery tricks a logged-in user's browser into sending an authenticated request to your site. Because browsers attach cookies automatically, a maliciou...
Q526. How should retries and poison messages be handled?
Retrying immediately in a tight loop amplifies outages. Instead: - Classify errors: retry transient ones (timeouts, 503, deadlocks) and stop retrying permanent ones (sche...
Q527. How do you decide where to draw service boundaries?
Boundaries should follow the business domain, not technical layers. Techniques: - Domain-Driven Design bounded contexts: each context has its own model and ubiquitous lan...
Q528. How do you protect a GraphQL endpoint from abusive queries?
Because clients can compose arbitrarily deep and wide queries, a single request can exhaust the database. Defences: - Limit query depth, for example reject anything deepe...
Q529. How should a REST API format error responses?
Use one consistent, machine-readable shape. A widely adopted choice is RFC 7807 `application/problem+json`: ```json { "type": "https://example.com/problems/insufficient-f...
Q530. How do the different Next.js caches and revalidation layers work?
Next.js has several cache layers. The Data Cache stores individual fetch results and can be tagged. The Full Route Cache stores rendered HTML and RSC payloads for static ...