Q561. How does HTTP caching work with Cache-Control and ETag?
HTTP caching lets browsers and proxies reuse responses. `Cache-Control` sets the policy: - `max-age=300`: fresh for 300 seconds; no revalidation needed. - `s-maxage`: ove...
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Job Interview Questions and Answers Directory
Search and filter frequently asked interview questions across technical, programming, and behavioral domains. Tailor your interview preparation by difficulty for freshers or experienced developers (2,728 available).
Q562. How does XSS relate to authentication security?
Cross-Site Scripting lets an attacker run JavaScript in your origin. Once that happens, the script can read anything the page can read, including tokens in `localStorage`...
Q563. What makes a message consumer idempotent?
At-least-once delivery means duplicates will happen, so a consumer must produce the same result whether it sees a message once or several times. Techniques: - Deduplicati...
Q564. What does observability mean for a microservices system?
With many services and network hops, you cannot debug from a single log file. Observability rests on three pillars plus correlation: - Structured logs: JSON with consiste...
Q565. What is GraphQL federation and when do you need it?
Federation lets several teams own separate GraphQL subgraphs and compose them into one graph for clients. Each subgraph declares the entities it owns with a key directive...
Q566. How do you design filtering, sorting and sparse fieldsets?
Expose them as query parameters with a clear convention: ```http GET /articles?status=published&author=42&sort=-created_at&fields=id,title ``` - Filtering: one parameter ...
Q567. What causes hydration mismatches and how do you fix them?
Hydration is React attaching event handlers to server-rendered HTML. A mismatch happens when the server HTML differs from the client's first render, and React warns and r...
Q568. How does zone.js drive change detection and what changes with zoneless Angular?
Historically Angular relied on zone.js, which monkey-patches async APIs such as setTimeout, promises, XHR and event listeners so the framework knows when something might ...
Q569. How do you optimise the performance of a large Vue application?
Practical Vue 3 optimisations: use computed instead of methods in templates so results are cached, and split large components. Prefer shallowRef or shallowReactive for la...
Q570. How would you write a robust, idempotent automation script?
A production script should be safe to re-run, fail clearly and clean up after itself. ```bash #!/usr/bin/env bash set -euo pipefail workdir=$(mktemp -d) cleanup() { rm -r...