Q581. What are the basic data types in TypeScript?
TypeScript adds static typing on top of JavaScript, categorizing data types into primitives, composite structures, and special utility types: ### 1. Primitives: - **`bool...
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Q582. What are lambda expressions or arrow functions?
**Arrow functions** (also known as "lambda expressions") provide a concise syntax for writing function expressions in JavaScript. Introduced in ES6, arrow functions are o...
Q583. What is the difference between state and props?
In React, both **state** and **props** are plain JavaScript objects, but they serve different purposes and have distinct behaviors: ### State - **Definition:** State is a...
Q584. How do you add tests to legacy code that has none?
Legacy code is often defined as code without tests, which makes changing it risky. The core technique is to introduce a seam, a place where behaviour can be substituted w...
Q585. Explain two-phase commit and its drawbacks.
Two-phase commit, 2PC, is an atomic commit protocol for transactions spanning multiple databases or resource managers. Phase one, prepare: the coordinator asks every part...
Q586. Explain TCP congestion control.
TCP congestion control keeps the sender from overwhelming the network. The sender maintains a congestion window, cwnd, and sends at most the minimum of cwnd and the recei...
Q587. Explain the Banker's algorithm for deadlock avoidance.
The Banker's algorithm grants a resource request only if the resulting state is safe, meaning some order exists in which all processes can finish. Inputs are the maximum ...
Q588. What is the diamond problem and how do languages solve it?
The diamond problem occurs when a class inherits from two classes that share a common ancestor, so the same base members are inherited along two paths. Ambiguity arises o...
Q589. How do you detect and handle outliers in data analysis?
Outliers can be data errors, rare genuine events, or informative signals. Decide whether to remove, cap or keep them based on context, never automatically. Detection meth...
Q590. What is the multiple comparisons problem?
When you run many hypothesis tests, the chance of at least one false positive grows quickly. With 20 independent tests at alpha 0.05, the probability of a false positive ...