Q11. How do you find which process is using a port on Linux?
Use ss, lsof, or fuser depending on what is installed. ```bash sudo ss -ltnp | grep ':8080' sudo lsof -i :8080 sudo fuser -n tcp 8080 ``` - ss -ltnp lists listening TCP s...
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Q12. What is a blue/green deployment?
Blue/green is a deployment strategy with two identical environments. Blue runs the current version, and green runs the new version. Process: 1. Deploy the new release to ...
Q13. What is Terraform state and why should it be remote?
Terraform state is a JSON file that maps your configuration to real infrastructure. It stores resource IDs, attribute values, and dependency metadata so Terraform knows w...
Q14. What is a Kubernetes Pod?
A Pod is the smallest deployable unit in Kubernetes. It represents one or more containers that run together on the same node and share a network namespace, IP address, an...
Q15. What is the difference between a Docker image and a container?
An image is a read-only template; a container is a running instance of that image. - Image: built from a Dockerfile, composed of immutable layers, and stored in a registr...
Q16. What is the difference between a GCP project and an organization?
An organization is the root node of the Google Cloud resource hierarchy. A project is the fundamental resource container where you enable APIs, create resources, and atta...
Q17. What is the difference between an Azure subscription and a resource group?
A subscription is a billing and access boundary; a resource group is a logical container for related resources. - Subscription: defines quotas, billing, and a trust bound...
Q18. What is caching and why is it used?
Caching stores a copy of data in a faster or closer tier so future reads avoid the slower origin. It reduces latency, increases throughput, lowers load and cost on databa...
Q19. What is the difference between authentication and authorization?
Authentication (authn) establishes who the caller is: verifying a password, a session cookie, a token or a certificate. Authorization (authz) decides what that identified...
Q20. What is the difference between a queue, pub/sub and a stream?
- Queue: point-to-point. Each message is delivered to exactly one consumer from a pool, which is ideal for task distribution and load balancing. - Publish/subscribe: a me...