Q1. How do you find which process is using a port on Linux?
Use ss, lsof, or fuser depending on what is installed. ```bash sudo ss -ltnp | grep ':8080' sudo lsof -i :8080 sudo fuser -n tcp 8080 ``` - ss -ltnp lists listening TCP s...
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Q2. What is the difference between a security group and a network ACL?
Both control traffic in a VPC, but at different layers. - Security groups are stateful and attached to ENIs or instances. Return traffic is automatically allowed. Rules a...
Q3. How does Kubernetes service discovery work?
Kubernetes gives stable access to moving Pods through Services and DNS. - A Service selects Pods by label and gets a stable virtual IP, the ClusterIP, and a DNS name. - k...
Q4. What is the difference between a Service and an Ingress?
A Service exposes a set of Pods at the transport layer; an Ingress exposes HTTP and HTTPS routes into the cluster at the application layer. - Service: stable virtual IP a...
Q5. Explain Docker networking modes.
Docker creates network namespaces and connects containers using drivers. - bridge (default): containers get private IPs on a virtual bridge. Same-network containers resol...
Q6. What is the difference between an Application Load Balancer and a Network Load Balancer?
Both are Elastic Load Balancers, but they operate at different OSI layers. - Application Load Balancer (layer 7) understands HTTP and HTTPS, supports host and path-based ...
Q7. Explain VPC networks and firewall rules in GCP.
A GCP VPC is a global, software-defined network. Subnets are regional, and instances in different regions can communicate over the internal network. - VPC networks come i...
Q8. What is an Azure Virtual Network and how do network security groups work?
A Virtual Network, or VNet, is an isolated private network in a region with its own address space. You divide it into subnets and control traffic with network security gr...