Q161. What is a dead-letter queue and when should you use one?
A dead-letter queue (DLQ) is a separate queue that receives messages a consumer cannot process after exhausting retries. It prevents one poison message from blocking a pa...
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Q162. What is service discovery and why is it needed?
In a dynamic environment, service instances start, stop and move, so callers cannot rely on fixed hostnames. Service discovery maintains a registry of healthy instances a...
Q163. What is a GraphQL schema and what is SDL?
The schema is the contract between client and server: it declares the types, fields, arguments, return types and nullability that all operations are validated against. Th...
Q164. What does HATEOAS mean in REST?
HATEOAS stands for Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State. A response not only carries data but also links describing the actions and related resources the client ...
Q165. What does Babel do and how does it relate to bundlers?
Babel is a JavaScript compiler that transforms modern syntax into code older environments can run. It parses source into an AST, applies plugins that each handle a transf...
Q166. How do you make an interface fully keyboard accessible?
Every interactive element must be reachable and operable with the keyboard alone. Native elements such as button, a[href], input, select and textarea are focusable and ha...
Q167. What causes Cumulative Layout Shift and how do you fix it?
CLS measures how much visible content moves unexpectedly. The score for a shift is the impact fraction times the distance fraction, summed over the session, excluding shi...
Q168. How do you customise the Tailwind theme and configuration?
Tailwind is configured in tailwind.config.js. The content array tells the engine where to scan for class names, and theme customises the design tokens. extend adds to the...
Q169. How do Svelte stores work?
A Svelte store is any object with a subscribe method that calls a callback with the current value and returns an unsubscribe function. The built-in writable, readable and...
Q170. What is the difference between Server Components and Client Components?
In the App Router components are Server Components by default. They run only on the server, can be async, can read databases or secrets directly, and send no JavaScript t...