Q291. How do Kafka consumer groups enable scaling?
A consumer group is a set of consumers that cooperatively consume a topic. Kafka assigns each partition to exactly one consumer in the group, so the group as a whole proc...
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Q292. When do you choose synchronous versus asynchronous communication?
Synchronous calls (HTTP/REST, gRPC) are simple, easy to reason about and return results immediately, which suits queries and request-response workflows. The downside is t...
Q293. What arguments does a GraphQL resolver receive?
A resolver has the signature `(parent, args, context, info)`: - `parent` (also root/value): the object returned by the parent resolver. - `args`: the arguments supplied t...
Q294. When should you use PUT, PATCH or POST?
- POST creates a subordinate resource or triggers a non-idempotent action. The server assigns the identifier and returns 201 with a `Location` header. - PUT replaces the ...
Q295. How do CommonJS and ES modules differ?
CommonJS is Node's original system: require() is a function executed at runtime, module.exports is a mutable object, resolution can be dynamic and conditional, and module...
Q296. How does colour contrast work and what ratios are required?
WCAG contrast is measured as a ratio between the relative luminance of text and its background, ranging from 1:1 to 21:1. At level AA, normal text needs at least 4.5:1 an...
Q297. What is the critical rendering path and how do you optimise it?
The critical rendering path is the sequence the browser follows to turn HTML, CSS and JavaScript into pixels: parse HTML into the DOM, parse CSS into the CSSOM, combine t...
Q298. When should you use @apply and when should you avoid it?
@apply inlines utility classes into a CSS rule, letting you write component classes while reusing Tailwind's design tokens. ```css .btn { @apply inline-flex items-center ...
Q299. Why does mutating arrays or objects sometimes not update a Svelte 3/4 component?
In Svelte 3 and 4 reactivity is triggered by assignment to the variable the compiler tracks. Mutating an array or object in place does not notify the compiler because no ...
Q300. How do dynamic routes and generateStaticParams work?
Dynamic segments use bracket folders: app/blog/[slug]/page.tsx receives params as a prop, which is a Promise in recent versions. Catch-all routes use [...slug] and option...