Q301. What are Angular signals and how do they change reactivity?
Signals are Angular's fine-grained reactive primitive. A signal(0) holds a value; reading it with count() registers the consumer as a dependency, and writing with count.s...
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Q302. What is the difference between ref and reactive, and what are the pitfalls?
ref creates a reactive reference that can hold any value, including primitives, and is accessed through .value in JavaScript while auto-unwrapping in templates. reactive ...
Q303. How do pipes and redirection work?
Every process has three standard streams: stdin (0), stdout (1) and stderr (2). Redirection connects them to files or other processes. ```bash cmd > out.log # stdout to f...
Q304. What are modules and mixins used for?
A module is a collection of methods and constants. It cannot be instantiated, but it can be mixed in to add behaviour, which is Ruby's alternative to multiple inheritance...
Q305. How do protocols and protocol extensions enable protocol-oriented programming?
A protocol declares requirements such as properties, methods, initialisers or associated types that conforming types implement. Swift encourages protocol-oriented program...
Q306. What are extension functions and what are their limitations?
An extension function adds a method to a class without modifying or inheriting it. Resolution is static. ```kotlin fun String.toTitleCase(): String = split(" ").joinToStr...
Q307. What is deferred execution in LINQ and why does it matter?
LINQ queries over `IEnumerable` are lazy: the query is a description that runs only when enumerated by `foreach`, `ToList`, `Count`, `First` or similar. Each enumeration ...
Q308. When should you use unique_ptr, shared_ptr or weak_ptr?
Raw `new` and `delete` are error-prone, so C++11 introduced smart pointers in `` that express ownership. - `std::unique_ptr`: exclusive ownership, cannot be copied, is mo...
Q309. What are lifetimes in Rust and when do you need to annotate them?
Lifetimes are generic annotations that describe how long references remain valid, so the compiler can prove they never dangle. Most lifetimes are elided and invisible in ...
Q310. When should you use a buffered channel versus an unbuffered one?
Channels are typed conduits for goroutine communication. Direction matters: `chan T`, `